RED-SPOTTED TREE FROG
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Genus: Trachycephalus
Species: T. nigromaculatus
The Red-spotted Tree Frog inhabits South America — mainly Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Bolivia. It prefers tropical and subtropical forests, wetlands, and savannas, and is sometimes found near human settlements with high humidity. Lifespan in the wild – up to 5–7 years, in captivity – up to 10 years with proper care. Adults weigh 15–25 g, females are usually slightly larger than males. Body length — 4–6 cm.
This species is nocturnal and spends the day hiding in vegetation or tree hollows.
During the rainy season (November–March), males call loudly near temporary ponds to attract females. A female lays about 1000 eggs, which float or attach to aquatic plants. Tadpoles develop within 2–3 weeks. Adults are mostly solitary, gathering only during the breeding season. Primarily insectivorous, feeding on insects, spiders, and small invertebrates; occasionally consumes smaller amphibians.
The genus Trachycephalus appeared about 40 million years ago, representing an ancient lineage of tree frogs adapted to arboreal life in tropical South America.
In South American folklore, frogs symbolise rain and fertility, and their calls are believed to announce the coming of rain.
Trachycephalus nigromaculatus is also an important species for herpetological studies focused on amphibian adaptation to seasonal environments.
According to the IUCN Red List, the species is classified as Least Concern.
The population is stable, but local declines occur due to deforestation and water pollution.
5 Interesting facts
- Named for its red or orange spots on the body and legs, which are most visible when the frog feels threatened.
- Produces a protective mucus that retains moisture and deters predators.
- Can change skin color depending on temperature and humidity levels.
- Males form chorus groups, competing vocally for females.
- Often found near human dwellings and garden ponds where insects are abundant.
