GREEN IGUANA
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Reptilia
Order – Squamata
Family – Iguanidae
Genus – Iguana
Species – Iguana iguana
The Green Iguana is native to Central and South America, from Mexico to Paraguay, and is also found on Caribbean islands. It inhabits humid tropical forests, typically near water sources, spending most of its life in trees. Lifespan in the wild, iguanas live about 10-15 years, while in captivity they can reach 20 years or more with proper care. Adult males weigh 4-6 kg, sometimes up to 8 kg, while females usually weigh 2-4 kg. Their total body length, including the tail, ranges from 1.2 to 2 meters.
Green iguanas are diurnal and arboreal, usually leading a solitary lifestyle. Males are territorial and defend their areas vigorously. Breeding occurs at the end of the dry season. Females lay 20–70 eggs in sandy nests, and incubation lasts around 90 days. The hatchlings are independent from birth. Iguanas are primarily herbivorous, feeding on leaves, fruits, flowers, and young shoots. Juveniles may occasionally consume insects.
The genus Iguana appeared several million years ago in South America. Iguanas belong to one of the oldest reptilian lineages, preserving many primitive lizard features. In the cultures of Central America, iguanas symbolize the sun and natural strength. Today, they are popular as exotic pets and often appear in films and literature.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Iguana iguana is listed as “Least Concern”, though some local populations are declining due to habitat loss and illegal trade.
5 Interesting facts:
- Iguanas are excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for up to 30 minutes.
- Their tail serves as a powerful defensive weapon, capable of inflicting painful blows.
- They possess a “third eye” on the top of their head, which helps detect light and movement.
- Iguanas bask in the sun to regulate body temperature.
- They can shed part of their tail (autotomy) to escape predators.
